What You Need to Know About Vascular Dementia

Vascular dementia is a type of dementia caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often due to strokes, small vessel disease, or other conditions that damage blood vessels. Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, which typically starts with memory loss, vascular dementia may begin with problems in thinking, organization, decision-making, or concentration. These symptoms can appear suddenly after a stroke or develop gradually over time with ongoing vascular damage.

The main cause of vascular dementia is impaired blood flow to the brain, which deprives brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and a history of heart disease or stroke. Managing these conditions effectively can help reduce the risk or slow the progression of vascular dementia. It’s important to note that many people with vascular dementia also have Alzheimer’s disease, resulting in what is known as “mixed dementia.”

Symptoms of vascular dementia can vary depending on the part of the brain affected. Common signs include slowed thinking, confusion, difficulty concentrating, problems with organization or planning, and trouble following steps in a task. Some people may also experience mood changes, depression, or emotional instability. Memory loss may be present but is often less pronounced in the early stages than in other forms of dementia.

Diagnosing vascular dementia involves a combination of medical history, neurological exams, brain imaging (such as MRI or CT scans), and cognitive testing. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing the underlying vascular issues—such as controlling blood pressure, improving blood flow, and addressing risk factors. A healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and cognitive stimulation can help slow progression and improve quality of life.

To learn more about vascular dementia, from a recent story by AARP, CLICK HERE.